LowercaseOnline β€” Free Online Text Tools

πŸ“… Calendar System Converter

Convert dates between Gregorian, Julian, Hebrew, Islamic (Hijri), Persian (Solar Hijri), Ethiopian, and ISO week date systems.

Calendar Systems Overview

Gregorian (AD/CE)

Solar calendar. 365.2425 days/year via leap year rule (Γ·4, except Γ·100, except Γ·400). Introduced 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. Now the international civil standard.

Julian

Predecessor to Gregorian. Simpler leap year rule (every 4 years). Currently 13 days behind Gregorian (since 1900). Still used by some Orthodox churches for feast days.

Hebrew (Anno Mundi)

Lunisolar calendar. Year AM 1 = 3761 BCE (traditional date of creation). 12–13 months per year. Months follow the moon; year follows the sun via intercalation. Used in Judaism for religious dates.

Islamic / Hijri (AH)

Purely lunar calendar. 354 days/year β€” about 11 days shorter than solar. No intercalation. Year 1 AH = 622 CE (Muhammad's migration to Medina). Religious dates cycle through all seasons over ~33 years.

Persian / Solar Hijri

Solar calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan. Year 1 = 622 CE (same epoch as Islamic). 365/366 days/year (more accurate than Gregorian). New year (Nowruz) at spring equinox.

Ethiopian

Coptic-derived solar calendar. 13 months β€” twelve of 30 days, plus a 5–6 day 13th month (PagumΔ“). About 7–8 years behind Gregorian. Ethiopian New Year in September.

ISO Week Date

International standard (ISO 8601). Week 1 = first week containing Thursday. Monday = day 1. Format: YYYY-Www-D. Used in business, manufacturing, and scheduling.

Julian Day Number (JDN)

Astronomical counting system β€” continuous count of days since 1 January 4713 BC (Julian). Used in astronomy and software for calculating intervals between any two dates without calendar complications.

πŸ“† The Gregorian reform: When Pope Gregory XIII reformed the Julian calendar in October 1582, 10 days were skipped β€” October 4 was followed by October 15. Different countries adopted it at different times: Britain and colonies in 1752 (11 days removed), Russia in 1918 (13 days removed). This is why dates in historical records before ~1923 need careful handling.
πŸŒ™ Lunar vs solar: Lunar calendars (pure Hijri) drift through seasons because 12 lunar months = ~354 days. Lunisolar calendars (Hebrew, Chinese) add a leap month periodically to re-sync with seasons. Pure solar calendars (Gregorian, Persian) track the sun directly and keep months in fixed seasons.