Audio compression settings reference — parameter explainer, instrument starting points, compressor types, and common mistakes to avoid.
The level (in dBFS) above which the compressor starts reducing gain. Lower threshold = more compression. Set by ear: find the level where dynamics become unruly and set threshold there.
How much the compressor reduces gain above threshold. 2:1 means for every 2 dB over threshold, output increases by 1 dB. Higher ratios = more aggressive compression.
How quickly the compressor responds to signals above threshold. Fast attack (1ms) kills transients. Slow attack (30ms) lets the initial transient through before clamping down — preserves "punch".
How quickly the compressor stops reducing gain after the signal drops below threshold. Too fast = pumping/breathing. Too slow = loss of dynamics. Auto-release adapts to the program material.
Hard knee: compressor kicks in abruptly at the threshold. Soft knee: gradual compression beginning slightly below threshold — sounds more natural and transparent. Most vocals benefit from soft knee.
After compression reduces the level, use make-up gain to restore the output to the original perceived loudness. Compare A/B with make-up gain matched — louder always sounds "better" which can fool you.