Calculate headwind, tailwind, and crosswind components for any runway heading and wind direction. Essential for pre-flight planning and student pilots.
📐 The formula: Headwind component = wind speed × cos(angle between wind and runway). Crosswind component = wind speed × sin(angle). Where angle = runway heading − wind direction (or its supplement). A 90° angle gives pure crosswind, 0° gives pure headwind.
✈️ Demonstrated crosswind: The POH (Pilot's Operating Handbook) lists a demonstrated crosswind component — NOT a structural limit. Many aircraft can handle more, but you must be trained and current for the conditions. As a student pilot, stay well under this value.
🛬 Crosswind landing techniques: Crab method: point the nose into wind during approach, kick straight on flare. Wing-low (slip) method: lower upwind wing, opposite rudder to track centreline throughout. Many pilots use a combination. Practice both in calm conditions first.